Country: Iran (Islamic Republic of) Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached file. Highlights Ongoing airstrikes have caused high numbers of civilian casualties, damage and displacement. Airstrikes on infrastructure, including a desalination plant and fuel depots, have disrupted some basic services and created serious public health and environmental risks. The conflict has hindered livelihoods and businesses, caused stress and trauma among affected communities, and posed challenges to first responders. Situation Overview Since 28 February 2026, the human toll of heavy air strikes in Iran, often in densely populated areas, has continued to rise. Casualties and damage to civilian infrastructure have been reported in at least 20 provinces, mostly in Tehran as well as Isfahan, Kermanshah, East Azerbaijan and Alborz provinces. The hostilities have forced millions of people to relocate to safer areas, in addition to causing high levels of stress and trauma. Damage to civilian infrastructure has been extensive, including schools, health facilities, homes, and cultural and commercial sites. Strikes on 7 March 2026 damaged refineries, setting four of them on fire in Tehran alone. The resulting dense smoke over Tehran prompted Government warnings of toxic and acidic rain, while people were initially advised to remain indoors. Essential services have been disrupted in some locations. Loss of water supply to more than 25 villages on Qeshm Island has been reported following a strike on 7 March that damaged its desalination plant. Damage to electricity networks has led to reported power outages in Tehran and other major cities. According to the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, airstrikes have also damaged at least 56 cultural heritage sites, including major landmarks in Tehran, such as the Golestan Palace, UNESCO-listed areas in Isfahan, key heritage buildings in Kurdistan and Lorestan provinces, and other sites in Kermanshah, Bus