Country: Afghanistan Source: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Please refer to the attached file. Description of the Event Crisis Category Supporting Document Date of event 04-03-2026 What happened, where and when? From the evening of 26 February through the first week of March 2026, airstrikes and border clashes between Afghanistan and Pakistan affected ten provinces: Kabul, Kandahar, Khost, Kunar, Laghman, Nangarhar, Nuristan, Parwan, Paktia, and Paktika. The escalation followed several days of rising tensions, during which airstrikes in Nangarhar and Paktika caused civilian casualties, and cross-border exchanges of fire were reported between armed forces on both sides. Armed clashes continued between Afghanistan's security forces and the Pakistani military in Khost, Kunar, Nangarhar, Paktia, and Paktika. Airstrikes were also reported in Gardez (Paktia), Jalalabad (Nangarhar), Kabul, Kandahar and Mehtarlam (Laghman). On the morning of 1 March, Jalalabad's airport and a police station were struck. As of 4 March, hostilities remained concentrated along border areas but continued to threaten civilian populations across a wide geographic zone. As of 10 March, ARCS reported 97 people killed and 139 injured, along with 121 structures damaged (66 totally, 55 partially), one mosque damaged, and one clinic damaged. From 26 February to 5 March 2026, UNAMA reported and verified a total of 185 civilian casualties in Afghanistan, including 56 civilians killed and 129 injured due to indirect fire and aerial attacks. Notably, women and children accounted for 55 per cent of all civilian casualties. The difference in casualty figures reflects different reporting timelines and methodologies between the two sources. For operational planning purposes, this DREF draws on both datasets, with UNAMA figures used for casualty tracking and ARCS figures used for displacement and infrastructure damage. According to OCHA Update #1, airstrikes caused significant